We are thrilled to share insights from the groundbreaking research paper submitted to the Nairobi Convention for the Science to Policy meeting held in Maputo, Mozambique, from December 5th to 7th, 2023. Authored by a distinguished team including Maya Pfaff, Annika Mackensen, Stephen Kirkman, Hugh Govan, Estradivari, Vatosoa Rakotondrazafy, Carina Martens, Deidre de Vos, and Arthur Tuda, the paper delves into the crucial intersection of conservation and small-scale fisheries in the context of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF).
Background and Rationale
The paper begins by contextualizing the 30×30 target of the GBF, emphasizing the need for ecologically representative, well-connected, and equitably governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) by 2030. With global Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) covering less than 8.2%, and 7% in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region, the authors underscore the imperative to explore OECMs. These are critical for sustainable use, particularly in small-scale fisheries, presenting challenges and opportunities for transformative change. Recognizing the often antagonistic relationship between conservation and local communities, the authors advocate for building bridges, as success hinges on local community buy-in.
Linkage to Regional and Global Processes
The research aligns with recent guidance materials such as the FAO’s handbook for marine fisheries-related OECMs and emphasizes the need for adaptive, locally tailored approaches. In the WIO region, the establishment of a network of locally-managed areas (LMMAs) has been pivotal. Madagascar, with the MIHARI network, serves as an example. The authors advocate for regional cohesion, information exchange, and the involvement of international organizations to support small-scale fishing communities.
Key Highlights:
- Meaningful Achievement of 30×30 in the African Context: Acknowledging the diversity of socio-cultural and governance contexts, the authors stress the need for inclusive and equitable implementation, respecting the rights of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs).
- Contribution of Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs) to 30×30: LMMAs, largely managed at a local level, emerge as valuable tools, aligning with IUCN Category VI protected areas. They encompass a variety of fisheries management tools and social objectives.
- Benefits of OECMs for Small-Scale Fishers: OECMs offer opportunities to strengthen co-management partnerships, addressing biodiversity outcomes, poverty alleviation, and global priorities. Caution is advised to ensure resource-intensive processes do not divert funds from community-based management.
Recommendations for the 30×30 Challenge
In conclusion, the authors provide key recommendations:
- Conduct national-level scoping studies.
- Engage early with stakeholders.
- Prioritize knowledge-sharing and communication.
- Support and recognize community-based conservation efforts.
- Develop effective incentives.
- Establish mechanisms for direct funding access for small-scale fisheries.
The research paper serves as a comprehensive guide, urging policymakers to navigate the 30×30 challenge by fostering collaboration between conservation and small-scale fisheries, ultimately ensuring the success of global biodiversity targets.